What are the factors involved in causing abuse against children?
1) Personality of the abuser
The study above shows a total of 33 cases were studied in UHKL and only 25 cases where the abuser has been identified. Those abusers have an unstable personality and some did not.
Drug addicts
Data showed that 9.1% of abuse victims’ parents are drug addicts. A drug user will experience addiction problem in a psychological way that causes them to have emotional problem and relationship problem with people.
Drug users feel paranoid or suspicious with people around them and feel isolated and uncomfortable with them. It’s more sociable among drug addicts. They are also not able to find work and those who already work will face problem in work place because often absent from work, pain, and produce low quality work.
According to Malini’s studies about the drug addicts in Malaysia, they have unique characteristics in social relations. They have bad relationship with male family members such as grandfather, father, older brother, or little brother. But their relationship with female family members such as grandmother, mother, sister, or wife is good. They still love and received family support (Malini, 1995).
But there some cases proved the statement above wrong where the father of the child abuse victims still committed violence against his wife and children.
Mental problems
It was found that the majority of abusers have experienced stress at one time. Data showed that 36.4% abusers often face depression and feelings of stress.
This depression was not suffering as manifested in the physical but is often haunted by the sufferer's mental and emotional problems. As a result, they cannot think rationally. When faced the problem that requires an action, they often do not think rationally and too influenced by their emotion. Symptoms of depression that can be found at the abuser is a reaction such as feelings of sadness, frustration, problems of social relationships with others, lost the ability to laugh, loss of initiative, and many more. Parents or guardians who have it will be abused the children physically and emotionally.
The effects on the children who have the parent or guardian like that is the relationship between them will be apart, children will follow a wrong way of communication, and the social relations technique learned from their parents also will confuse the child.
Criminals
Abuser who is involved with criminal cases has violent behavior with people around him and is not impossible, if they commit violence against the children as well. About 12.1% of abusers involved with the crime and the majority of crimes they committed are theft and robbery. The abusers were abuse the child in physically and emotionally.
Drunkard and gambler
Data showed that 18.2% of abuse victims’ parents are drinkers or gamblers and many studies have found that the main cause of violence against the children is because the father is drunkard or gambler too. In the family of the victims, the father as head of the family fails to fulfill their responsibilities in accordance with the role and social status. As a result, parents who have unstable personality will use force in educating children and finally the relationship between parents and children will be apart.
Socially isolated
Data showed that the abusers who are socially isolated by 33.3%. Several studies find that parents or abusers who have symptoms do not like to hang out with friends or neighbors where they often confining themselves at home or at work without communicating with other people may have a high risk to abuse the children.
Parents or abusers’ personality are derived from their interaction with the experience of the past, the family, and friends. For example, there possibility that they were separated when they were born and have never received love from people, so they do not know how to love others. Thus, childhood experience of living in parents is an important thing.
Treat children as a burden of poverty
Data showed that 21.2% said that children as a burden of poverty that they suffer now. About 6.0% said they face financial problems to take care of their children. The rest is for the behavior of the children that cannot be controlled and aggressive that considered a burden to parents. The abusers who are suffering from financial problems face difficulties to get medicine, food, transportation, clothing, and others.
Abuser was abused in their childhood
Most abusers have a history of hard living and suffering. Data showed that 42.4% abuser has been through a bitter and difficult childhood experiences. About 30.3% abuser does not have a relationship with any extended family or relatives, and this relationship is necessary in the community because if you encounter problems in the family, they have shelter and ask for advice. Lack of social network will result for parents to leave double impact on the children and its effect can be seen on this experience to form a bitter experience in the life of the child. This experience will leave a negative impact when they are grown up and married. There could be carried away in the marriage relationship so that they can commit abuse against children.
Belief in shaman and horoscopes
In this case, the child was abused and is considered to bring ‘unfortunate’ or bring disaster to home. These children are emotionally and physically abused by parents or other family members.
Several studies found that the relationship problems between the parents and the victims of abuse may have occurred since the victim was in the womb or during birth, when something bad happens in the family, economic or social relations. As a result, the parents blame the newly born child is the cause of the problems that they face.
2) Marital relationship
The study above shows a total of 33 cases were studied in UHKL for marriage relationship status
Troubled marriage
Data showed that 45.4% of the problems arise from the relationship problems. Unstable family situation will affect how parents educate their children and can cause the parents to involve in child abuse cases. In the crisis of divorce, whether the parents are divorced or in the process of it, the feelings of anger or frustration will be expressed to the child who is not related directly to the conflict or estrangement of parents’ marriage relationship. The child may be seen as a weakness of one of the parents and because of that, they are beaten or neglected, despite the fact that they are innocent.
Among the causes of problems in marriage is no mutual understanding of one another, the husband have relationships with other women, and so on. This can result to torture and abuse on children who caught in conflict of their parents' marriage relationship.
Single parents and teenage mothers
Date showed that 18.2% of single parents abused their children physically and emotionally. The reasons they became single mothers is the death of her husband, divorced, or abandoned. Among the problems faced by them are not getting the proper rights, lack of strength and confidence to be independent, lack of family support and community, lack of skills ‘parenting’ in educating and nurturing children, and lack of knowledge for dealing with the authorities on the rights of claim for maintenance and welfare assistance.
Data showed that 6.0% of abuse caused by teenage mothers. Teenage mother meant a young teenager who had a child, whether married or unmarried. Unmarried mother who lack support from her boyfriend (the father of the child), was more motivated to abuse the child for depression suffered from isolation and lack of support by family and community. They also less experienced in taking care of the baby.
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